Python：hashlib 库高级用法举例和应用详解

import hashlib  # 导入hashlib模块
print(hashlib.algorithms_available)  # 打印可用的哈希算法列表

import hashlib  # 导入hashlib模块

def hash_data(data):
    """哈希数据，返回摘要"""
    sha256 = hashlib.sha256()  # 创建SHA-256哈希对象
    sha256.update(data.encode('utf-8'))  # 加入数据，支持字符串需要编码为字节
    return sha256.hexdigest()  # 返回数据的十六进制摘要

original_data = "Hello, World!"
hash_result = hash_data(original_data)  # 原始数据哈希
print(f"数据摘要: {hash_result}")

# 数据发送后接收端再次计算哈希，验证数据完整性
received_data = "Hello, World!"
received_hash_result = hash_data(received_data)  # 接收数据哈希
if received_hash_result == hash_result:
    print("数据完整，无篡改!")
else:
    print("数据被篡改!")

import hashlib  # 导入hashlib模块
import os  # 导入os模块

def hash_password(password):
    """生成密码哈希及盐值"""
    salt = os.urandom(16)  # 生成16字节的盐值
    pwd_hash = hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac('sha256', password.encode('utf-8'), salt, 100000)  # 生成密码哈希
    return salt + pwd_hash  # 返回盐值与密码哈希

def verify_password(stored_password, input_password):
    """验证密码是否正确"""
    salt = stored_password[:16]  # 提取盐值
    stored_pwd_hash = stored_password[16:]  # 提取密码哈希
    pwd_hash = hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac('sha256', input_password.encode('utf-8'), salt, 100000)  # 重新计算输入密码的哈希
    return pwd_hash == stored_pwd_hash  # 返回验证结果

# 存储密码
stored_password = hash_password('super_secure_password')
print(f"存储的密码哈希：{stored_password}")

# 验证密码
is_valid = verify_password(stored_password, 'super_secure_password')
print(f"密码验证通过: {is_valid}")

import hashlib  # 导入hashlib模块

def hash_file(filepath):
    """生成文件的哈希值"""
    sha256 = hashlib.sha256()  # 创建SHA-256哈希对象
    with open(filepath, 'rb') as f:  # 打开文件为二进制读取模式
        while chunk := f.read(4096):  # 按块读取文件内容
            sha256.update(chunk)  # 更新哈希对象
    return sha256.hexdigest()  # 返回文件的十六进制摘要

file_path = 'example.txt'  # 假设文件路径
file_hash = hash_file(file_path)  # 计算文件哈希
print(f"文件 '{file_path}' 的哈希值为: {file_hash}")

# 下载前后验证文件哈希是否一致
downloaded_file_path = 'downloaded_example.txt'  # 假设下载后的文件路径
downloaded_file_hash = hash_file(downloaded_file_path)  # 计算下载文件的哈希
if downloaded_file_hash == file_hash:
    print("文件下载完整，无篡改!")
else:
    print("文件已被篡改!")