Python：ipaddress 库高级用法举例和应用详解

import ipaddress

# 场景：接受用户输入的IP地址，并验证其合法性及类型（IPv4或IPv6）
user_input = '192.168.1.1'
try:
    ip = ipaddress.ip_address(user_input)  # 对输入的IP地址进行解析
    print(f'{ip} is a valid address')
    if ip.version == 4:
        print(f'{ip} is an IPv4 address')  # 输出IP的版本类型
    else:
        print(f'{ip} is an IPv6 address')
except ValueError:
    print(f'{user_input} is not a valid IP address')  # 捕获解析失败的异常并提示用户

import ipaddress

# 场景：根据给定的网络地址和子网前缀长度，计算出网络中的所有地址
network = ipaddress.ip_network('192.168.1.0/24')  # 创建一个IPv4网络对象
print(f'Network: {network}')
print(f'This network has {network.num_addresses} addresses')  # 输出网络中的地址数量
print(f'Network Mask: {network.netmask}')  # 输出网络掩码
print(f'Broadcast Address: {network.broadcast_address}')  # 输出广播地址

print('All hosts in this network:')
for ip in network.hosts():  # 遍历该网络中的所有主机地址
    print(ip)

import ipaddress

# 场景：检查某个IP地址是否属于特定的网络
network = ipaddress.ip_network('192.168.1.0/24')
ip1 = ipaddress.ip_address('192.168.1.5')
ip2 = ipaddress.ip_address('10.10.10.5')

if ip1 in network:  # 检查ip1是否在网络范围内
    print(f'{ip1} is in the network {network}')
else:
    print(f'{ip1} is not in the network {network}')

if ip2 in network:  # 检查ip2是否在网络范围内
    print(f'{ip2} is in the network {network}')
else:
    print(f'{ip2} is not in the network {network}')